The tools & techniques behind advanced training

Take, Use and Give information continuously (see T.U.G. below). Observation feeds every other phase and never stops.

Position the machine or vehicle for safety, stability and the best view — the correct road position for the hazard ahead.

Adjust to a safe speed for the hazard using throttle, engine braking and brakes, arriving at the right speed before you need it.

Select the right gear for that speed so you have maximum control and the power to respond.

Accelerate smoothly and appropriately to leave the hazard safely once it is clear to do so.

Take information from the road, other road users, signs, road surface and the environment — scan near, middle and far distance.

Use that information to plan: what can be seen, what can't be seen, and what may reasonably be expected to happen.

Give information to others — signals, brake lights, position and, where helpful, the horn — so your intentions are clear.

Enough fuel for the planned journey (and reserve).

Engine oil at the correct level; no leaks.

Coolant level correct where applicable.

General condition — no damage that affects safety or roadworthiness.

Drive chain tension and lubrication (or belt/shaft condition).

Lights, indicators, brake light and horn all working.

Tyres — tread, condition and correct pressures.

Steering moves freely through the full range; controls feel right.

Suspension working correctly; stands retract properly and are in good condition.

Are you unwell in any way that could impair your riding or driving?

Is your mindset calm, patient and safety-focused — not rushed, distracted or aggressive?

Are you taking anything that causes drowsiness or affects concentration?

Are you well rested? Too little sleep slows reactions and concentration long before you actually feel tired.

Any alcohol still in your system, including from the night before?

Have you eaten and had enough to drink? Low blood sugar and dehydration quietly reduce focus and stamina.

Are you in the right emotional state to concentrate — not angry, upset or preoccupied by something else?